Signals from adipose tissue in morbid obesity and effect on depot specific differences

Signals from adipose tissue, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide inhibitor, explain the link between obesity and metabolic diseases. Previously published human studies have used omental adipose tissue to study visceral depots, based on the assumption that all visceral adipose tissues are similar. This study, for the first time, assessed the release of five adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, MCP-1 and RANTES) from the subcutaneous and two omental depots. Components of the cyclooxygenase (COX) and the nitric oxide (NO) pathways, that regulate cytokine release in other tissues, were also investigated for their putative role(s) in mediating adipokine release. RANTES release was greatest from the gastric fat pad. However, significantly higher circulating RANTES levels suggest that adipose tissue is unlikely to be the main source of RANTES release. Inhibition of the COX pathway, especially COX-2, reduced IL-6 release from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Prostacyclin synthase (PGI2S) activity was higher in the omental tissue and its protein expression was elevated in the stromavascular fraction from this depot. PGI2S activity appears to mainly reside in the non-adipocyte cells and is more coupled to IL-6 production in adipose tissue. Serum insulin and CRP levels, and systolic blood pressure, directly associated with subcutaneous tissue ADMA content, while BMI correlated with omental ADMA release. ADMA release was higher from the omental depot. However, while DDAH2 expression was higher compared to DDAH1 in adipose tissue, there was no depot specific difference in the expression of either isoform. In conclusion, this study showed adipose depot specific differences of RANTES release, a novel adipokine, from a hitherto poorly studied depot, the gastric fat pad. Characteristics of the omental adipose tissues differed depending on location and paracrine factors that may mediate the adipokine release. These regulatory pathways included components of the COX and NO pathways

Traffic sign detection based on simple XOR and discriminative features

Traffic Sign Detection (TSD) is an important application in computer vision. It plays a crucial role in driver assistance systems, and provides drivers with safety and precaution information. In this paper, in addition to detecting Traffic Signs (TSs), the proposed technique also recognizes the shape of the TS. The proposed technique consist of two stages. The first stage is an image segmentation technique that is based on Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), which divides the image into six different color regions. The second stage is based on discriminative features (area, color, and aspect ratio) and the exclusive OR logical operator (XOR). The output is the location and shape of the TS. The proposed technique is applied on the German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark (GTSDB), and achieves overall detection and shape matching of around 97% and 100% respectively. The testing speed is around 0.8 seconds per image on a mainstream PC, and the technique is coded using the Matlab toolbox

Lagrangian structure of flows in the Chesapeake Bay:Challenges and perspectives on the analysis of estuarine flows

In this work we discuss applications of Lagrangian techniques to study transport properties of flows generated by shallow water models of estuarine flows. We focus on the flow in the Chesapeake Bay generated by Quoddy (see Lynch and Werner, 1991), a finite-element (shallow water) model adopted to the bay by Gross et al. (2001). The main goal of this analysis is to outline the potential benefits of using Lagrangian tools for both understanding transport properties of such flows, and for validating the model output and identifying model deficiencies. We argue that the currently available 2-D Lagrangian tools, including the stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic trajectories and techniques exploiting 2-D finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields, are of limited use in the case of partially mixed estuarine flows. A further development and efficient implementation of three-dimensional Lagrangian techniques, as well as improvements in the shallow-water modelling of 3-D velocity fields, are required for reliable transport analysis in such flows. Some aspects of the 3-D trajectory structure in the Chesapeake Bay, based on the Quoddy output, are also discussed

Permasalahan dalam Mencegah dan Menanggulangi Pandemi Covid-19 di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan kelas II A Curup

Dalam melaksanakan tugas di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan, diperlukan adanya pelayanan maksimal bagi siapapun. Baik bagi narapidana, tahanan maupun masyarakat. Fokus masalah ini adalah memaksimalkannya pencegahan dan penanganan covid yang berlokus lembaga pemasyarakatan kelas II A Curup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kurang sarana prasaran yang memadai dalam mencegah dan penanganan Covid-19 melalui pendekatan studi kasus dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perlu adanya perbaikan di dalam sarana dan prasarana kesehatan serta dukungan dari pimpinan agar dapat sesuai standar kesehatan

Implementation of ontology for intelligent hospital ward

We have developed and implemented an ontology for an intelligent hospital ward. Our aim is to address the pervasiveness of computing applications in healthcare environments, which require: sharing of data across the hospital, including data generated by sensors and embedded in such environments, and dealing with semantic heterogeneity that exists across the hospital's data repositories. Our conceptual ontological model that supports such an environment has been implemented using semantic web tools and tested through the application developed with the J2EE technology

Opportunistic Downlink Sum-Rate with Multiple Feedback Thresholds

The achievable sum-rate capacity in multiuser systems grows as an increasing function of the number of users when opportunistic scheduling is employed. The scheduling requires the knowledge of channel state information (CSI) which is generated and sent from the users. It has been verified that the sum-rate capacity of a multiuser system with one-bit CSI feedback scheme by which each user whose channel quality is above an optimally selected threshold sends one-bit feedback has the same growth rate as that with the full CSI. However, the one-bit feedback scheme introduces non-negligible capacity loss to the achievable sum-rate. In this paper, a feedback reduction technique with multiple feedback thresholds is presented and analysed. The analysis yields closed-form expressions of the achievable sum-rate and its lower bound. The numerical results show that approximately 84% of the capacity loss can be eliminated in the system employing three optimally selected feedback thresholds. The lower-bound of the achievable sum-rate approaches the full-CSI sum-rate as the number of thresholds increases

In-vitro effects of biochemical factors on trypsin activity from intestine and pyloric caeca of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) for inhibition of belly bursting

The in-vitro effects of biochemical factors on trypsin activity from intestine and pyloric caeca of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) was evaluated. Trypsin is known to cause belly bursting in common kilka. The assessments showed that in a range of 4-70°C, trypsin from pyloric caeca and intestine of common kilka had the maximum activity and the satiability at 60 and 55°C, respectively. The pH assessments indicated that maximum activity and stability for trypsin were at 8.5 at pH range of 4-11. The effects of metal ions on trypsin activity revealed that CaCl2, MgCl2 and MnCl2 increased trypsin activity while CuCl2 ،ZnCl2 and Al2(SO4)3 decreased its activity. The effect of inhibitors on trypsin activity also showed that SBTI and TLCK (specific inhibitors for trypsin) significantly inhibited trypsin activity. This study suggests that belly bursting in common kilka can be prevented by trypsin inactivation through application of low temperature (4°C), acidic pH, metals of CuCl2, ZnCl2 and Al2(SO4)3 and inhibitors of SBTI and TLCK

Perilaku Sosial Anak Putus Sekolah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku sosial dan faktor penyebab anak putus sekolah di masyarakat Pattallassang Kabupaten Takalar. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan merupakan penelitian social budaya yang jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara penentuan sampel melalui teknik Purposive Sampling dengan memilih beberapa informan yang memiliki kriteria yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti yakni mengetahui tentang Perilaku Sosial Anak Putus Sekolah. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan deskripsi hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab anak putus sekolah di masyarakat Pattallassang Kabupaten Takalar Secara umum adalah kondisi ekonomi keluarga yang kurang mendukung, factor lingkungan dan dari diri anak itu sendiri. Sementara perilaku sosial anak putus sekolah memperlihatkan bahwa perilakunya cenderung kepada hal-hal bersifat negatif, seperti: menjadi lebih nakal, sering keluar malam untuk berkumpul dengan teman-temannya, melakukan tindakan kekerasan, mabuk-mabukan, sampai mengkonsumsi narkoba. Namun, berbeda dengan anak putus sekolah kemudian melakukan aktivitas lain, seperti bekerja dan membantu orang tuanya mereka cenderung melakukan perilaku yang positif. Berbagai upaya juga dilakukan pemerintah setempat dalam mencegah terjadinya anak putus sekolah

Assessment of digestive enzymes activity during the fry development of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: from hatching to primary stages after yolk sac absorption

The aim of this study was to determine the activity of digestive enzymes during the fry development of Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), which has a remarkable role in food digestion and absorption in the first feeding. The assessment of digestive enzymes activity of gastric (pepsin), pancreatic (trypsin, chymotrypsin, α-amylase and lipase) and intestinal (alkaline phosphatase) revealed that enzymes were available on the first day after hatching (DAH) but their activity showed no significant difference from hatching to day 12 (P > 0.05). An increased activity was seen between 12 and 18 DAH and this activity was significantly higher than the first 12 days (P 0.05). These results could be used as a basis for formulating a suitable feeding and also selecting the best time for starting the feeding so that optimum nutritional values and cost-effectiveness are achieved